Archive for the 'Curriculum' Category

GATE Workshop @ SAIACS: Day Three

Today we made the transition, from Year 3 to Year 4. Which is to say: we shifted our focus from “Leadership and Transformation in Education,” to “Curriculum Development.” For some of the participants, this was about time… as we all felt that we were supposed to be focussing on education all along. Personally, while I could understand the importance of leadership and governance issues for education, the facilitators did not make the education application/implications overt enough.

Nevertheless, it was a breath of fresh air, with the sessions being more engaging and diverse.

The input session of conflict management (morning session) had some interesting thoughts. I felt it could have been done better, especially, as I have said earlier, kept “tasks” as more central to the process than teaching. We were dealing with so many biblical models of reconciliation… but we could have spent more time in seeing how to improve conflict resolution practices personally or corporately (in the seminary context). Nevertheless some of the ideas were actually helpful: for eg, Duane Elmer’s ideas of cross cultural conflict resolution (like keeping the preservation of relationship as the paramount focus of any confrontation).

An important education lesson occurred as soon as the facilitator finished his session and began the next topic. We were dealing with heavy issues of conflict and reconciliation, and then, when that session ended, we moved immediately to curriculum development. Suddenly the facilitator stopped and admitted that transition was too soon, and he paused for prayer.. and gave us a break… and then re=began the new session on curriculum development. A good example of a teacher admitting mistake and recovering.

The afternoon session continued the discussion method… and the focus was also on curriculum development; this time on the assumptions that were evident (or needed to be explicit) in the development of curriculum. Now here, as expected, there were excellent pedagogical models. For instance, for a case-study discussion, the facilitator split the groups (shook comfort zones) and made us discuss. Also, every group’s results were given equal attention (and not hastily summarised). Then, the facilitator affirmed the group by showing that his own observations about assumptions were less than the whole assumptions noted by the groups. While most of us were critical of the central character in the case-study, then the facilitor urged us to think differently by identifying positives. Another helpful exercise.

However, here is when it fell away… when back in our college groups, we ran out of time… and were not able to have enough time to apply the lessons of assumptions on our own curriculum. In fact, even before we identified all our assumptions (no time to critique/evaluate them)… we had to move to the next topic.  Once again, the importance of keeping the main-thing, the main-thing was felt. I felt that the exercise of discussion is really good… however, the cost is time. So perhaps the discussions should be reserved to what really needs to be discussed… like how organisations see themselves… and we can rush the setup. (but this can have other sides… so it’s more a personal feeling).

The session concluded with another “input” session where developing curriculum was the focus. Again, the weakness of the input method was made explicit, even by the facilitator, but he pressed on. To his credit, there was the freedom to ask questions at anytime (in fact all input sessions allowed good question opportunities). However the predominant Input method just made questions feel like interruptions rather than the genuine addition to collective wisdom.

Anyway… I had a much better time today… and felt there were helpful ideas related to teaching/education to watch out for or incorporate.

GATE Workshop @ SAIACS: Day Two

Today’s workshop (focussing upon Governance/leadership that impacted implicit curriculum) was divided in two halves… through two methodologies. The morning was all input, with a few tasks. The afternoon was mostly discussion (participation), with some input.

It was surprising how engaging the afternoon session was (despite afternoon sessions being traditionally weak), and how difficult to participate in input session in the morning (despite “alert” morning time).

And once again, it showed (for me) how for adult learning, input through lecture is the worst, or at least an ineffective way, to communicate.

It was also interesting to see our education facilitators make certain mistakes… which taught not just by good example, but also bad.

For instance, the professor who used the lecture input method… put a lot of content in his session and ran out of time to do the tasks effectively. We rushed through tasks… and also the theoretical discussions could have been done so differently.

Similarly in the input session, the facilitator kept using his own example as a positive example… which (unintentionally?) put him as the teacher-authority. Alternatively, he could have spent more time in tasks, getting discussion over what he wanted to talk about. I’m sure that would have resulted in better (contextual) answers… without drawing attention to the examples that could arise from the institution faculty/leaders. That (according to what we were taught last year) would have given us participants more ownership on the content.

In the afternoon session, again focussing on leadership patterns that would affect implicit curriculum… the session was almost entirely discussion oriented.  Exciting and engaging. Yet two mistakes (according to me) here. The first discussion was based on two biblical case studies. However, because the texts were slightly controversial (or the method of deriving principles from Acts being controversial), it was easy for our group to get distracted from the main point of the discussion. Relatedly, it was the sum-up (the relation between leadership and curriculum) was not made explicit. And could have been the central focus of the discussion. So, rather than focus on the biblical passage and the principles… think about our own instition and see how we could do things differently by “learning from” these biblical examples.

The second error was structural… in the sense that the facilitator, interacting with our table (that talked a lot), spent a lot of time talking to “us”… with his back turned against another group that was not talking much. That I think sent the wrong signal… and made me feel a little uncomfortable with our participation… and also perhaps feeling a little bad for the other group who may (or may not) have felt ignored. Perhaps in large groups… every comment should be brought to the group… rather than limit to the group that asked the question. That would have allowed the other participants to feel more involved.

I also reacted strongly against what was called “S1 model of leadership,” by Blanchard?). It was interesting… but the problems were highlighted when “directive leadership” was thought to be appropriate in certain cases. While I did relent (especially where directive leadership is helpful in cases of counselling in extreme cases). But I really felt that in cases of teaching… no student (especially adult) is in need for directive teaching. But some seminaries actually felt that for the BTh level it was necessary. Which I really felt sad to hear. Do we not respect our students to participate in their learning… help them think for themselves… guide them (ie. more participatory) rather than telling them to learn something in a particular manner or else. This over-directive method of learning is a problem of education in India… and sadly we tend to justify it. I hope I can continue to fight against this malice… in myself… as well as in the systems that think it is appropriate.

Anyway… that’s my view for today. I really want to focus on education… so let’s see what’s in store tomorrow.

 

Understanding Curriculum: a diagram for educational institutions

UNDERSTANDING CURRICULUM
(a diagram of processes and relationships of LEARNING OUTCOMES within educational institutions)

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A curriculum is usually more than just a listing of courses taught by an institution, but includes the intended learning outcomes/objectives of the overall program. This involves both classroom and outside-classroom activities; thus the overall experience of the learning within the institution.  However, this diagram shows that there is more at play in learning outcomes than just the intended outcomes of an institutional program.  Apart from a, b, c, d, there are also Hidden Curriculum (e) and Negative Outcomes (f) to consider. However, these spaces are not fixed and each institution can strive to get as much of its experience within the a, b, c (specified and controlled) spheres as possible.

A. EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES DIRECTLY FROM COURSE CONTENT (CLASSROOM GOALS)
Content, Activities and Instruction specifically intended to achieve overall curriculum goals.  This would include all academic skills and knowledge-acquisitions intended by the college as well as modelling and mentoring by classroom teacher.

B. EXPECTED OUTCOMES THROUGH INDIRECT ELEMENTS
The institutional “hopes” for campus relationships, Chapel attendance, general library browsing, inspiration from wall-hanging, campus etc anything out of the direct
control of the institution

C. EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES DIRECTLY FROM COLLEGE ACTIVITIES OUTSIDE CLASSROOM (CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES)
This includes activities like Cell Groups, Sports, Prayer Days, Mission Conferences etc. which are college activities pre-designed to achieve overall curriculum goals. This could include certain knowledge/skills acquisition, but is usually non-academic in nature, and yet part of the transformative experience intended by the institution

D. UNEXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY GAINED FROM COURSE CONTENT, OR CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES THAT AID IN FULFILFILLING CURRICULAR GOALS
This includes anything positive is known or unknown, that unintentionally helps fulfil institutional goals. For instance, a selfless (and un-conscious) act of kindness by a faculty that helps a student become more positive in life and mission etc

E. HIDDEN CURRICULUM
Goals and purposes that are “evidently” important for the institution but not specified anywhere. This is sometimes seen through unwritten rules and dispositions passed on through the institutional traditions. Simplistically, any institutional goal that is not overtly specified to learners and educators and is still a “hidden” curriculum

F. NEGATIVE OUTCOMES
When usually unintentional messages are given to students that are entirely contradictory to the overall curriculum goals of the institution.  For instance the curricular goal of equality/egalitarianism but a teacher tends to put down women students, or some one discriminates against maintenance staff.



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